After graduating from Boston University in 1904, Dr. Warwick and her first husband, Dr. Coles, operated a TB sanitarium in West Keene. Plasma railguns are electromagnetic accelerators used to produce controlled high velocity plasma jets. You can now heat it up by more like 3MJ/kg instead of 900kJ/kg. Thick Dual layered angled armor outter hull is the first basic level defense. MARAUDER estimated that by the year 2000, they could increase the shot velocity to $10,000km/s$. your coils are now bigger, and higher power, and need more current to reach the same strength. Similar principles apply for plasma railguns. 2023 The Nature Conservancy Is there such a thing as "right to be heard" by the authorities? It also cost a few million dollars every time the U.S. wanted to experiment with the technology, which is a much more likely reason the experiment ended up classified in mothballs. No hunting on the southern portion of the preserve (Warwick parcel). Still not quite good enough for the satellite-based weapon that MARAUDER was meant to bebut pretty solid for ground-based combat. It only takes a minute to sign up. | Robotics Online Classes for Kids by Playto Labs As plasma railguns are an open area of research, the method of armature formation varies. The railgun will be used for the study of plasma shocks in jet collisions. Also what kind of distance would these toroids be stable over? Stack Exchange network consists of 181 Q&A communities including Stack Overflow, the largest, most trusted online community for developers to learn, share their knowledge, and build their careers. Yeah, I never understood how you're supposed to get the plasma to stay plasma once you fire it. That said, this would require a much bigger power source, that would sustain for a longer acceleration. Why is it shorter than a normal address? Seems to have a lot of . Yet in a constant high acceleration starship setting.. plasma railguns are best used for defense, since a swarm of high thrust constant acceleration missiles could in theory overwhelm it's firing solution. Its rugged terrain includes the rushing waters of Partridge Brook and a mixed forest of hemlock, sugar maple, red oak, and basswood. Learn More. After armature formation, the plasmoid is then accelerated down the length of the railgun by a current pulse driven through one electrode, through the armature, and out the other electrode, creating a large magnetic field behind the armature. Join 250,000+ students from 36+ countries & develop practical skills by building projects. Little is known about it after 1993 because it swiftly Classified Status. Wouldn't this approach only create plasma for a tiny fraction of a second? Featured photo: Shiva Star at theAir Force Research Laboratoryat Kirtland Air Force Base. MARAUDER: Magnetically Accelerated Ring to Achieve Ultra-High Directed Energy and Radiation, TL: DR, an American project from the 1990's where they build a coaxial plasma railgun, which uses plasma as a KINETIC weapon, accelerating a Torus (a ring) of 0.5-2 milligrams of plasma to relativistic speeds, 1-3% the speed of light, 3000-10,000 km/s. Fire rate will therefore be limited, and ultimate velocity will also be limited by your ability to a) quench your coils fast enough and b) cool them fast enough afterwards to fire the gun again. In December 1998, TNC accepted a donation of 68 acres from Ann Fisher; this addition increased the size of the preserve to 104 acres. If we magically start it off at 0K, we can see that it can absorb no more than 180kJ. The plasma is accelerated until it leaves the muzzle of the railgun. A railgun is a weapon that uses electromagnetic force to fire a projectile at high velocity, some at speeds of up to Mach 6. Dr. Coles died in the 1917 flu epidemic. The electrode strikes a plasma arc to the target, creating a conductive path and emptying the capacitor into the target. In 1993, the Air Force Research Laboratory finally published an experiment in high-velocity plasma projectile weapons. For a rough idea, you can use Luke Campbell's approximation for coilgun performance, which basically imagines the gun as a tube of energy in the form of the magnetic field, which is swept out by a projectile that turns it into kinetic energy. As plasma railguns are an open area of research, the method of armature formation varies. a railgun? Based on current proposed weapons, we can estimate the rough acceleration we can achieve with a rail gun and scale that up. There were some errors in the barrel length calculation for the earlier draft of this answer, which have since been corrected. Plasma gets more electrically conductive as it heats up, and your bullet stays in the barrel so little time, the plasma won't conduct much heat to the bullet. 13-nautical-mile range of the US Navy's standard 5-inch naval gun," Privacy Policy. A weak plasma weapon prototype developed by MU. Large boulders litter the forest floor below the rocky ridges creating habitat for snakes, porcupines and bobcats. The plasma is confined between the bullet and the magnetic field pushing on it. | Contact Us, Copyright 2015-2018 Skyfi Education Labs Pvt. Better for close range brawling. Could a subterranean river or aquifer generate enough continuous momentum to power a waterwheel for the purpose of producing electricity? Which means that I am in the potentially unique situation of being able to tell you that yes, they went out of their way to name it Marauder because it took us far too long to find a word that worked, we spent two hours fiddling with syllables to get stuff that fit (Direct Energy Railgun gives der). I think this technology could be useful potentially as a point defense system on space stations. The USAF has already developed a plasma weapon that meets all but two of your requirements; but, it also bypasses their necessity. @KareemElashmawy The vast bulk of what I said can be found in the wiki article I linked at the very start of the post. eject plasma at extremely high speeds (some plasma railguns are designed to fire projectiles, but testing has shown that solid armatures are more effective due to lower electrical resistances found in metals [4]). If the shooting stars and the stuff hits the fan, Uncle Sam might pull the Marauder out of mothballs. One set of plasma interactions that have not been fully explored are those which occur during high-velocity collisions between plasmas. This is an instability in which the magnetic pressure front can out-run or "blow-by" the plasma armature due to the radial dependence of acceleration current density, drastically reducing device efficiency. Here is a picture of the Chinese weapon, undergoing deployment shakedown trials. @RossPresser You want a compact, high velocity projectile to deliver a kinetic energy strike on a small spot. In a plasma railgun, a voltage is applied so that current can flow through the flat rail electrodes. Improving the copy in the close modal and post notices - 2023 edition, New blog post from our CEO Prashanth: Community is the future of AI. While Vladimir Putin is busy touting Russias newest line of hypersonic weapons he is seemingly whipping the world into a frenzy about missiles flying past early warning systems. Stay up-to-date and build projects on latest technologies, Blog | Non-superconducting projectiles will be subject to more heating!). Because of this, these devices have applications in magnetic confinement fusion (MCF), magneto-inertial fusion (MIF), high energy density physics research (HEDP), laboratory astrophysics, and as a plasma propulsion engine for spacecraft. | Technical Resources Lets imagine your projectile now has a SHC of more like 1kJ/KgK, and a melting point of 3000K. They do still have scaling issues: you have to turn off a coil the instant the projectile is in the middle, and it is hard to simply vanish the field of a very powerful magnet! Hand Held Coil Gun cannon - Enough to rip a giant robot limbs into pieces, Reimagined Weaponry: The Illidari Warglaives. Round is a solid KE penetrator. Accelerator electrode geometry and materials are also open areas of research. Engineering Project Ideas | How many gs could a coilgun or railgun shell withstand? Plasma is a gaseous state of matter which is electrically conductive and interacts with electric and magnetic fields. A visit to the preserve in late spring or early summer will reveal some of these plants as well as neo-tropical migrant birds, including warbler and thrush species, and scarlet tanagers. Have bigger trouble hitting small target. In order to use RunSignup, your browser must accept cookies. A plasma railgun is a linear accelerator which, like a projectile railgun, uses two long parallel electrodes to accelerate a "sliding short" armature. Quality group antiques shop with over 40 dealers conveniently located between Keene, NH and. A minor scale definition: am I missing something? I don't know enough of the science to say if it is possible that they found some type of breakthrough. Her three grandchildren continue to visit the preserve. Coaxial railguns accelerate toroidal plasma armatures using a hollow outer conductor and a central, concentric, inner conductor. @StarfishPrime obviously 100m barrel does not give 10 times faster than 10m barrel. the railgun can launch projectiles much farther than the All proceeds help support the Westmoreland PTA and their great programming for the students and teachers of Westmoreland! The U.S. Navy and Air Force have both developed railgun prototypes. Existing knowledge of coaxial railgun plasma instabilities and material interactions at vacuum and plasma interfaces are applied to the design. What is this brick with a round back and a stud on the side used for? The leader is undoubtedly the Chinese army. If you continue to use this site, you consent to use all cookies. If you still see this message after clicking the link, then your browser settings are likely set to not allow cookies. Otherwise, you will not be able to register for races or use other functionality of the website. For a better experience, please enable JavaScript in your browser before proceeding. Please wait while we submit your question/message. Railgun technology, which uses electromagnetic force to send MARAUDER took these Compact Toroids and fired them from a railgun. | Summer Training Programs How could dragons effectively use their wings as weapons in ground combat? To get the 1.2GJ we want for our 100km/s super-coilgun, we'd need the projectile to sweep out ~0.074m3, which for a 20mm projectile works out as a barrel that's 236m long. If your projectile is 20mm across and your barrel is 100m long, the amount of energy is the swept volume will be a reasonable 0.5GJ, for a muzzle velocity of 70km/s. A plasma railgun is a linear accelerator which, like a projectile railgun, uses two long parallel electrodes to accelerate a "sliding short" armature.However, in a plasma railgun, the armature and ejected projectile consists of plasma, or hot, ionized, gas-like particles, instead of a solid slug of material.Scientific plasma railguns are typically operated in vacuum and not at air pressure. It revolved around firing electromagnetically contained plasma out of a railgun encased in a toroidal (donut shaped) container. | | Final Year Projects for Engineering Students And a plasma bolt with a lifespan of a millisecond, moving at 10,000km/s has a range of 10km. Click the Accept Cookie Policy button below to accept the use of cookies on your browser. Site design / logo 2023 Stack Exchange Inc; user contributions licensed under CC BY-SA. Your browser has JavaScript disabled. But the OP specifically asked for "plasma contained in bullets". (Picture of a Nixie tube by Hellbus. We use cookies to offer you a better browsing experience. Its no secret the United States has been working on effective rail gun technology for years. It's travelling at 1-3 percent the speed of light. I'm interested to know what is the maximum realistic muzzle velocity of a coilgun with a 100m barrel length. By clicking Accept all cookies, you agree Stack Exchange can store cookies on your device and disclose information in accordance with our Cookie Policy. This creates your localized heat for as long as the arc can be maintained, greatly weakening or destroying the material at the point of impact. The approach of creating the plasma on contact. [citation needed], Arrays of plasma railguns could be used to create pulsed implosions of ~1 Megabar peak pressure, allowing more access to chart this opening area of plasma physics. Did the Golden Gate Bridge 'flatten' under the weight of 300,000 people in 1987? The plasma accelerator fires instantly, but the projectile is slow. You should add citations for some of the claims being made. At these magnetic field strengths (100T is currently achievable on the relevant timescale), you can exert enough force to crush most solid objects. A tokamak is essentially an infinitely long rail/coil gun that produces a magnetic containment vessel for a super-heated plasma. Would this be at all practical as a weapon system? That's a nice round number, and doesn't rule out superconducting projectiles, as it should be below the critical field strength of futuristic high-temperature superconductors (see here for some analysis of YBCO, one of the best practical real-world superconductors). Online Courses for Kids | Robotics for Kids Allow that bolt of plasma to break out, and you have a really potent weapon. A 100m railgun might not, in fact, be 10 times faster than a 10m railgun, if it wanted to stay in one piece after firing. TL: DR, .a project from the 1990's where they build a coaxial plasma railgun, which uses plasma as a KINETIC weapon, accelerating a Torus (a ring) of 0.5-2 milligrams of plasma to relativistic speeds, 1-3% the speed of light, 3000-10,000 km/s. Above the rocky outcrops, the trails are easier and follow gently curving contours through a mixed forest, which includes some beautiful stands of red oak. [citation needed] Plasma rail guns are being evaluated for applications in magnetic confinement fusion for disruption mitigation and tokamak refueling. These weapons programs even look to be losing steam, especially when compared to the development of hypersonic missile technology. The two requirements being 'shaped into a bullet' and 'survive for 10 seconds.' Enter your email address and we will send you instructions to reset your password if there is an account for that email. Jet velocity and density are characterized by analyzing diagnostic data collected from a Rogowski coil, interferometer, and photodiode. [duplicate], fire a self-contained ring of plasma in open air, Picture of a historical neon discharge tube, Improving the copy in the close modal and post notices - 2023 edition, New blog post from our CEO Prashanth: Community is the future of AI. | The plasma railgun is a linear accelerator and plasma energy weapon which like a projectile railgun uses two long parallel electrodes to accelerate a sliding short armature. The resulting projectile moved at $3,000 km/s$ and struck its target with a $\approx 5$ lb TNT explosion ($5 \times 10^{-7} kT = 2.092MJ$) ---and a potent, short-range electromagnetic pulse. Before that could happen, MARAUDER vanished into Classified Status. don't forget we're getting 5 pounds of TNT yield out of a MILIGRAMS of material. Reportedly, Ruth asked a local handyman to clear out a spring on the side of Butterfield Hill to provide water for the animals in the woods this is still visible at the end of the first steep section of the preserves hiking trail. for example, scramble or disable a random part of a, The containing should last for 10 secs, max, A small, extremely-highly-compressed canister of carrier gas, A bullet design that becomes a nozzle on impact (hollow-. In 1964, the Warwick Preserve was the first New Hampshire property donated to The Nature Conservancy. I'm not sure if this would be able to disable a tank with a single shot, but it is scalable assuming you have this kind of super-capacitive tech. Or can it simply generate plasma on discharge? And yes, the magnetic properties of metals tend to go to pot once they melt. The official Subreddit for the Isaac Arthur YouTube channel. However, in a plasma railgun, the armature and ejected projectile consists of plasma, or hot, ionised, gas-like particles, instead of a solid slug of material. We'll give your coilgun an efficiency of 99.9%, and half the wastage goes to heating up the projectile again. On impact, the electrode is pushed back into the power supply and the carrier gas is released through the nozzle created on impact. Read how we use cookies and how you can control them by visiting our Privacy Policy. One way to do this would be by using superconducting coils and heat them to drop the superconductivity (sometimes known as a quench gun) but that'll turn the field energy into heat, and lots of it. The Bulldog 4 is an annual fun run that also serves as a fundraiser for the Westmoreland PTA. To recreate this in a bullet, you need: The idea here is that the bullet is fired not containing plasma, but everything needed to make plasma. What're the weight and dimensions of the slug? Donations are tax-deductible as allowed by law. Please enter a valid email address (formatted as name@company.com). Currently, only the 36-acre Warwick parcel is accessible which offers 1.5 miles of trails for enjoying the wildflowers and birds. | Mini Projects for Engineering Students Parking space for three to four vehicles is available,just South of a small white-railed bridge. If it breaks out by accident, even if it destroys everything would you still call it a 'weapon' ? Your message was posted to Facebook. It is worth noting that at that speed the projectile exceeds orbital velocity at Low Earth Orbit. In a plasma railgun, a short pulse of current is passed through a plasma located between two parallel electrodes, or "rails". The intended use of this weapon is to have at least enough power to, The power requirement appears to be immense. Reddit and its partners use cookies and similar technologies to provide you with a better experience. ;). More or less a tiny flash as the projectile is destroyed? 24 Apr 2013 | Posted by Member 30298028. The rest can be found here: @JDugosz Thanks for calling that outthat was edited in by someone else, I fixed it. Which was the first Sci-Fi story to predict obnoxious "robo calls"? Gentle acceleration up to 100km/s over 100m doesn't have to liquidize your bullet. By accepting all cookies, you agree to our use of cookies to deliver and maintain our services and site, improve the quality of Reddit, personalize Reddit content and advertising, and measure the effectiveness of advertising. "Containment" and "weapon" are typically contradictory. View Directions While most of New Hampshire tends to have acidic soils, the calcium-rich bedrock in Westmoreland has resulted in rich, alkaline soils that provide habitat for a diversity of plant life that is uncommon in the state. projectiles up to 125 miles at 7.5 times the speed of sound, is However, your browser doesn't appear to allow cookies by default. Get text updates from The Nature Conservancy: Purple Trillium at the Warwick Preserve in Westmoreland, New Hampshire, [{"countryCode":"hkg","countryName":"Hong Kong"},{"countryCode":"ury","countryName":"Uruguay"},{"countryCode":"gab","countryName":"Gabon"},{"countryCode":"ken","countryName":"Kenya"},{"countryCode":"nam","countryName":"Namibia"},{"countryCode":"syc","countryName":"Seychelles"},{"countryCode":"zaf","countryName":"South Africa"},{"countryCode":"tza","countryName":"Tanzania"},{"countryCode":"zmb","countryName":"Zambia"},{"countryCode":"aus","countryName":"Australia"},{"countryCode":"chn","countryName":"China"},{"countryCode":"hkg","countryName":"HongKong"},{"countryCode":"ind","countryName":"India"},{"countryCode":"idn","countryName":"Indoneasia"},{"countryCode":"mng","countryName":"Mongolia"},{"countryCode":"mmr","countryName":"Myanmar"},{"countryCode":"nzl","countryName":"New 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Notice that the barrel length is much shorter than the dreadnaughts of WW1 fame. Like this page and invite your friends on Facebook. The author argues that to realize the hypervelocity potential of plasma armature railguns, restrike must be eliminated. This answer (given technological development to improve power efficiency) meets all but two of your requirementsbut (potentially) bypasses their necessity. Honestly I find it hard to envision how a weaponized, long range railgun would make a 'torus' (that seems more a thing to do with coilgun style propulsion - some modesl literally do involve configurations to accelerate/propel ring shaped projectiles.) Little is known about it after 1993 because it swiftly Classified Status. Plasma just doesn't last very long outside of carefully controlled scenarios. Thanks for detailed post Connor. You can learn from experts, build working projects, showcase skills to the world and grab the best jobs. A 30mm projectile would let you fit your 100km/s gun into the original 100m length limit, but: You could use a fat, low-density sabot which drives a thin dense projectile, but the sabot represents parasitic weight that eats into the kinetic-energy budget of the narrow penetrator. Which reverse polarity protection is better and why? Where the electromagnetic railgun fires a projectile at supersonic speeds of up to Mach 6, the Marauder would fire its one-meter diameter plasma rounds at 10,000 kilometers per second, or 3% of the speed of light. A YouTuber by the name of NSA_Listbot has created a railgun that shoots plasma rounds and they were strong enough to fully penetrate a cantaloupe. It seems like a really cool concept. the #1 use for a weapon like this would most likely be ballistic missile defense, shooting down ICBMs or other strategic weapons. Build using online tutorials. If you have any questions about this race, click the button below. An asynchronous coilgun relies on the projectile having a certain bunch of properties (you need to induce a current in it, to provide a magnet field for the main gun coils to push against), and a coilgun with superconducting projectiles needs the projectiles to remain superconducting, and so they have to stay below their critical temperature, etc. | Of course, you could do much better than a puny 400km/s with a laser-pushed ablator because you can maintain the acceleration till you hit the target. According to one report published just over a decade after the whole thing went dark, the Marauder program was capable of firing ball lighting bolts that would explode on impact with the force of five pounds of TNT. Specific elements of the design are examined and the inherent physical and material difficulties of a coaxial design are explored. Plasma railguns are capable of producing controlled jets of given densities and velocities ranging from at least peak densities 1e13 to 1e16 particles/m^3 with velocities from 5 to 200 km/s dependent on device design configuration and operating parameters. What should I follow, if two altimeters show different altitudes? Please enable JavaScript if possible. Mostly realistic weapons to assault a planet from orbit. In the case of our hypothetical 200T coilgun, that gives us a maximum energy density of 16GJ/m3. You'll also get much more rail damage per shot for a much faster railgun, making firing multiple rounds problematic. It was Motivated by RACE, though I don't know if that's enough to be an off shoot. Some handwaving of high-capacity, high-voltage, extremely compact and inexpensive supercapacitors will be needed. [citation needed]. The other example is the MARAUDER (Magnetically Accelerated Ring to Achieve Ultra-high Directed-Energy and Radiation) used the Shiva Star project (a high energy capacitor bank which provided the means to test weapons and other devices requiring brief and extremely large amounts of energy) to accelerate a toroid of plasma at a significant . But whether you store plasma inside a bullet or create it from parts of the bullet, you're not going to induce plasma for very long with a projectile. The problem is that everything is classified so we have no way to know if it is to hide a viable weapon or to keep the enemy guessing and thus spending money to find a way to counter it or create their own.
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project marauder plasma railguns 2023