. The structure had two main departments, charged with conducting operations within and outside the country, respectively. The Securitate confiscated and archived a number of manuscripts in an effort to stop their publication and distribution. [5] According to documents Constantin ("Ticu") Dumitrescu obtained in 1993, the political police had 507,003 informers, but archival evidence confirmed the involvement of only 486,000. [1] In two pioneering volumes, historian Dennis Deletant (1995 and 2000) detailed the Securitate's structure, methods and relationship with the Communist Party under Ceausescu and his predecessor, Gheorghe Gheorghiu-Dej. View Mugshots; Inmate Account Deposits; Contact an Inmate; Send a Tip; . The hosts were individuals who accepted to make a room of their house, apartment or workplace available for the Securitate to organize secret meetings between officers and informers, support individuals or residents. Other informers relished in their new role, writing long, detailed reports of everything they saw and heard in the company of the victim, offering their own interpretation of events and even designing strategies to obtain additional information and penetrate even further into the victim's inner space. Every meter of archive contains some 5,000 documents, and every file is on average 200 pages in length. 17] Florin Pintilie, Constituirea arhivei Securitatii, Profil vol. There are books written by Securitate victims (Ion Diaconescu, Ion Ioanid, Iosif Colpas, Florin Constantin Pavlovici and Paul Goma), its agents (Mihai Pelin and Nicolae Plesita) or writers (Virgil Ierunca and Stelian Tanase). I am the author of Leaders and Laggards: Governance, Civicness and Ethnicity in Post-Communist Romania (Boulder: East European Monographs, 2003), and the editor of Romania in Transition (Aldershot: Dartmouth, 1997). Some Romanians were firmly convinced that the archive found in December 1989 in the Securitate warehouses was but a small part of the archive the political police produced over its entire existence. A trusted Securitate informer, Cristescu even dared to admit that he had accepted Tanases request to make his home available for meetings with the translator, and detailed the system the three of them would use to keep the meetings secret from the political police. The 1987 Instructions confirmed that the political police opened files for information network members, be they informers, residents, supporting individuals or hosts of meeting places. After a nationwide search, the Maricopa County Community College District (MCCCD) and Glendale Community College (GCC) are pleased to announce Tiffany Hernandez, Ph.D., as the next President of GCC. 4 (July-August 2002), pp. For some it was misplaced patriotism or the genuine desire to help their country, which they believed was threatened by domestic and foreign agents working to destroy its independence and sovereignty. He also says that she will have a difficult time to find another job because people are laid off everywhere.[33]. For others it was financial reward, permission to travel abroad, university entrance for their off-springs, the promise of moving from rural to urban areas, or the desire to speed up their career and obtain leadership positions in their work field. For access to criminal and civil court documents in the Superior Court visit the eAccess portal . The Information Network Files and the Securitate Informers. Maricopa County Police Records are documents created by Police Departments that document the details of crimes, arrests, and the criminal activities of particular individuals in Maricopa County, Arizona. Afterwards, as soon as an informer whose file was archived became a party member, his personal informer file, attached folder of denunciations, evidence card and microfiche were also destroyed. Whereas the Stasi archive was taken over by the so-called Gauck Agency (the Agency of the Federal Commissioner for Documents of the State Security Police of the former German Democratic Republic, often referred to by the name of its first head, former East German pastor Joachim Gauck) soon after the collapse of the communist regime of Erich Honecker and was made available to the public almost in its entirety (with many of the shredded files painstakingly reconstituted), the Securitate archive remains scattered across several state agencies, a large part of it is unavailable to the public, and many Romanians believe that since 1989 the archive in its entirety has been altered beyond recognition by unnamed individuals close to the country's successive governments. Contact the respective county clerk of State Attorney's Office for more information. Location: Maricopa County Superior Court Complex 111 S. 3rd Ave., 4th Floor Phoenix, AZ 85003 Registration Hours: 7:30am - 4:30pm Name Business Name Case Number DOB: (mm/dd/yyyy) The most important cleavage dividing the informer network related to party membership, with party members working for the political police being known as "collaborators" and non-party members being labeled as "informers," a difference not necessarily translated in the kind of information the two groups provided. More Info. Download a free version now. The American Corner program promotes understanding and cooperation between the U.S. and Romania. It is a story worth telling. back . See all locations . Maricopa County Justice Courts. He only suffered because of his writings. The number of active informers fluctuated over time, depending on the domestic and international political situation, but steadily increased from 73,000 in 1968 to 144,289 in 1989. The remaining 60,000 pages belonging to some 105 individuals (including Orthodox priest Gheorghe Calciu-Dumitreasa, monk Nicolae Steinhard, theologian Dumitru Staniloae, poets Virgil Carianopol and Vasile Voiculescu, literary critics Ion Negoitescu and Ovidiu Papadima, folklorist Ovid Densusianu, former political prisoners Paul Goma and Marcel Petrisor, writer Petre Tutea, pre-communist politicians Ion Puiu, and engineer Gheorghe Ursu) were transferred to the National Council, and are now available to researchers on request. 4] Florica Dobre, Florian Banu, Camelia Duica, Silviu B. Moldovan and Liviu Taranu, Trupele de Securitate (1949-1989) (Bucharest: Nemira, 2004). Supporting individuals monitored, pursued, harassed, investigated, spied and reported on individual citizens, in accordance with specific instructions received from the political police agent (Article 6). And a number of other advantages. Telling a simple joke that mocked Ceausescu or his wife Elena became a good enough reason for Securitate to start monitoring an individual. The Instructions further detailed the stages of the recruitment process, which included 1) ranking, verifying and analyzing potential candidates, 2) selecting the candidate, 3) designing the recruitment plan, and 4) recruiting (Article 10). The 1987 Instructions included a standardized collaboration pledge Securitate agents had to use for future recruitment. According to the Instructions, files were transferred to a new Securitate branch if informers changed their address (Article 40), and only in exceptional cases Securitate agents working on could consult the files of informers used by other agents (Article 41). 38] Tanase, Acasa se vorbeste in soapta, pp. How? The political police, moreover, never admitted to being a repressive apparatus bent on destroying opposition to the communist regime, and instead insisted that it honestly and thoroughly sought to defend the state's security interests in the face of domestic and foreign agents threatening Romania's independence and sovereignty. This fact, corroborated with others (for example, the fact that he came to Romania with a list of people to contact, or the fact that he and his friends want to finance some Romanian intellectuals with liberal views, etc.) Sometimes the transcripts (always drafted in unique, secret, hand-written copies) detailed the entire conversation even if laden with colloquial expressions and identified the dialogue partners, other times it summarized the most important passages and highlighted relevant material. [3] The number of full-time agents varied over the years, according to the needs of the political police. Not all denunciations were handwritten and signed by the informer, as the latter could refuse or the circumstances of the agent-informer meeting might not allow the informer to sit down and write the note. 0:04. 6-8. 7] Sometimes the Securitate officers manufactured informer files for people who never agreed to spy and never submitted delations. Criminal | Maricopa County, AZ Home Departments Legal Defender Cases We Handle Criminal Criminal Case Information Court Process Hearing Types Police Reports File Retention Court Dates & Case Information Court dates and case information can be found by visiting the Maricopa County Superior Court Case Search webpage. Another cleavage dividing the informer network was represented by the services provided to the political police, and distinguished between informers (informatori), supporting individuals (persoane de sprijin), residents (rezidenti) and hosts of meeting places (gazde ale caselor de intilniri). That night I was taken out in the car, and on Olari street they took my tin glasses off. 1] While English-language analyses are few, there is a growing Romanian-language literature on the Securitate. These files were accompanied by attached folders (mapele anexa), where the informers original notes, the reports the agent drafted on the basis of the notes, the information obtained during meetings with the informer and the way it was used were collected (Article 39). Special thanks go to Larry Watts and director Radu Timofte for their support. Alina Tudor, 1955: Batuti la Securitate, doi ceferisti se pling lui Gheorghiu-Dej, Cotidianul (27 May 1998), p. 12. Information on Entering Romania via Land Border, U.S. Set up in March 1990 through an unpublished presidential decree, the Information Service inherited the Securitate archive, buildings, assets and technical equipment, and a number of agents and informers. The need for party leadership approval was confirmed by communist leader Alexandru Draghici on 22 January 1955. Still others did it for revenge, to get back to old enemies by reporting true and often false information about them. Part of the information in the files could be recovered by piecing together the notes, reports and analyses the deceased submitted and the Securitate collected in victims files. [4] Some 90 percent of Securitate agents were Communist Party members. West Court Building, 3rd Floor. This is the official website of the U.S. Embassy in Romania. 49, no. For students and army recruits acting as supporting individuals agents did not open personal files, but filled in standardized forms, attached to case files together with those persons collaboration pledge and reports on their victims (Article 37). The Maricopa County Public Record links below open in a new . 41] ibid, pp. The Securitate technical equipment allowed it to identify the phone numbers Tanase contacted, but not those where he was contacted from. 28-36, Michael Shafir, Best-Selling Spy Novels Seek to Rehabilitate Romanian Securitate, RFE/RL Research Report (12 November 1993), pp. 26] Pintilie reported a total of 270,000 destroyed files. The files compiled on the activity of other Romanians likely offer significantly different details, but the types of documents generally remain unchanged across files, although some files might have more and other files fewer documents of one particular type. I saw two civilians, a sub-lieutenantand a woman platoon commander. 341-359, Kieran Williams and Dennis Deletant, Security Intelligence Services in New Democracies (London: Palgrave, 2001), Larry L. Watts, Intelligence Reform in Europes Emerging Democracies, Studies in Intelligence vol. To view PDFs you must have a copy of Adobe Acrobat Reader. Find a Case | Maricopa County Clerk of Superior Court JEFF FINE You are now exiting the Maricopa County Clerk of Superior Court. The nature of the collaboration ran the gamut, although political police agents were instructed to recruit thoroughly verified individuals who "accepted to collaborate candidly, secretly and in an organized manner with the Securitate organs. Residents were trusted individuals who, under the supervision of the Securitate officer, maintained regular and secret contact with up to 30 supporting individuals in order to collect information from them and transmit it to the officer (Article 44). In the note, Popa used his own name. 34] Serviciul Roman de Informatii, Cartea Alba a Securitatii. Call 602-506-3411 to speak with a member of the Public Records team. 10, no. In April 1977 the Securitate boasted a total of 20,297 agents at the rank of army officers, of whom 13,397 were engaged in permanent missions and 6,900 could be drafted for occasional special missions, while six years later it included 1,389 officers, 968 sub-officers, 574 civilians and 20,459 young recruitsyoung men who just finished high-school or university and were neither Securitate civilians, nor officersto a grand total of 23,381 individuals. In other cases collaboration continued over a number of years without having real substance, when the informer provided trivial reports at increasingly longer intervals. Based on primary Romanian language sources, personal interviews with members of the National Council for the Study of Securitate Archive, the Romanian Information Service and the Romanian Association of Former Political Prisoners, and my own direct observations collected during a summer 2004 visit to the communist political police archives in Bucharest, this article offers a picture of the Securitate archive in terms of the number and types of the full-time agents and part-time informers that compiled it, the reasons for starting and ending collaboration, and the most notable material that was seemingly lost, destroyed or never produced, providing concrete examples of the different types of archival documents that can be found in various collections. Again I was brought to the cell. In the morning, with the tin glasses on I was led to an officeThere, behind a desk there was a civilian of 45-50 years old, dark haired, prominent hair loss, with the head turned a little to the side. I thank Florin Abraham for his support in accessing materials published in Arhivele totalitarismului, Stejarel Olaru, Mircea Stanescu and Gabriel Catalan for helping me understand the intricacies of archival investigation, Paul Goma for his hospitality, and Major-General Marius-Sorin Brateanu and archivist Nevian Tunareanu for giving me access to the Securitate archive and its documents. 30 Apr 2023 19:34:37 Francis Xavier UniversityAntigonish, NS, B2G 2W5, Canadalstan@stfx.ca.
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