66. Glorying over being blooded at an Otter Hunt, http://www.henrysalt.co.uk/friends/colonel-coulson. . The following year he became joint Master with Mrs Mildred Cheesman who had been celebrated as the first lady master of otter hounds in the Daily Mail in 1905, as discussed earlier in this paper. For almost 40 years, the otters in southeast Alaska scrapped by. 2. By 2016, over 4,000 river otters had been translocated to 23 states. Even if she is prevented from doing so, she will hang about the place where they are, and perhaps be killed wet when the cubs, too, will perish.Footnote Otherwise inaccessible wild and watery landscapes could also be explored: in otter hunting, the hounds, the invigorating air of the early morning, and the superb beauty of England's valleys and dales constitute the chief attractions. They were joined by English and American hunters in the latter part of the century, and uncontrolled hunting continued until 1799. They were killed mostly for their fur, which was desirable 1. Varndell had mastered the Crowhurst Otter Hounds since 1905, and had missed only four days hunting in thirty-five years.Footnote WebOregons sea otters disappeared in flash of destruction, as one small part of an ocean-spanning fur boom driven by demand for their lush pelts. Reverend H. C. G. Matthew, Coleridge, Stephen William Buchanan (18541936), Oxford Dictionary of National Biography (2004). The hypocrisy of clergy preaching high moral standards and Christian virtues yet killing for fun was regularly exploited by members of the Humanitarian League. Members of the League for the Prohibition of Cruel Sports were also outraged by this murderous behaviour and equally critical of the Royal Society for the Prevention of Cruelty to Animals, but they had a slightly different response to the event. 63 were extirpated. In 1929, there was a picture of a middle-aged woman and a teenage girl being blooded by the Joint Masters of the Wye Valley Otter Hounds in front of a crowd of smiling spectators. He denounced otter hunting as the lowest-down pastime that has survived into the twentieth century. He thought that the aesthetics of otter hunting could be maintained if public opinion or legislation limited the killing of otters to ten per annum in any one county and then it might be possible to keep up a picturesque sport without unduly lessening the number of otters in our rivers.Footnote 44 Google Scholar. the magazine had a massive readership. 67. His letter writing campaign against rabbit-coursing on Sundays in Surrey led to its prohibition in 1924. This act of individual defiance was, however, soon silenced by the laughter of the unreceptive audience. 81. 34 Colonel W. Lisle B. Coulson, The Otter Worry, in Henry Salt, ed., British Blood Sports: Let us go out and kill something (1901), pp. He is astonished that the law of this country still allows this rotten and most bloody exhibition of behaviour and that such repugnant bloodiness survives in a so-called civilised age and country.Footnote Feature Flags: { This idea is reinforced by the fact that the two members of the audience who stood to offer their support were both members of the Humanitarian League. Ernest Bell noted in the Animals Friend journal soon after the prosecution that it was quite right that the press should express horror at such barbarity but questioned whether the deliberate worrying of otters for amusement was any less cruel or reprehensible than the worrying of cats.Footnote Hunting is a good excuse for a hard day's exercise. artificial 3 Coulson later complained that clergy, more generally, did little to criticise otter hunting: Seldom do we hear from the pulpit any protests against acts of cowardice and cruelty that would shame savages. The National Society for the Abolition of Cruel Sports sought to enlist the support of well-known individuals, including the journalist and author H. E. Bates (19051974) who became a mainstream country writer. In women and children it induced behaviour that was not in keeping with certain ideas about gender and youth. The large bold title above the image read, Women being blooded at an otter-hunt.Footnote 27 We can gain an insight into the exact message they were trying to make from the letter which was handed to the master, Sir Maurice Bromley-Wilson, and followers: The Leeds branch of the League for Prohibition of Cruel Sports has organised this protest against otter-hunting to indicate that there is a growing public feeling against this and other so-called sports. . Raymond, Graham With fox hunting, he argued, few perhaps ever see the death, and it is over almost in an instant but, owing to his strength and cat-like tenacity of life, the otter fights long and dies hard. Interestingly, the magazine did not choose a classic scene of hounds in a watery landscape. 71. 1847Google Scholar; From The Field for 18th June 1910 came a report that: Too many bitches are killed at this time of the year (June), the dog otters making themselves very scarce. 35 The recent exposure in Devonshire, where a master of otter hounds was sentenced to imprisonment. 24 . 11 The seasonality, setting and pedestrianism of otter hunting appealed to Edwardian sporting and leisure sensibilities. Yet although Johnston was not directly involved, his argument brought into prominence the campaign for the otter. 8. . For Bates, such suffering could not be enjoyable for the sufferer and should not be enjoyable for onlookers. He is remembered today for his monumental two-volume Comparative Study of the Bantu and Semi-Bantu Languages (191921); for his natural history collections now held at Kew, the British Museum, and London Zoo; and for his identification of the okapi (Okapi johnstoni) in the Congo in 1901.Footnote 1 42. The Humanitarian League's strategy was that whenever an article mentioning otter hunting appeared in a newspaper or magazine, League members would bombard that publication with letters of protest. He declared that Coleridge was entirely out of order in discussing this matter now, adding that he was not speaking of the merits of the subject, but only say it is out of order now. Coleridge replied that: If at your Annual meeting such a motion as that is out of order, then I say this great Society will stultify itself if it does not hear me. Recognising that such causes may be dismissed as sickly sentimentality, the League made a point of stressing that their underlying principles were not merely a product of the heart. Google Scholar. But what matter? It depicts Varndell as a solitary figure deep in thought. WebThe otters were then protected by the international fur seal treaty, which banned sea otter hunting. 43. and Glorying over being blooded at an Otter Hunt, Cruel Sports, 1928 p. 85. Varndell became huntsman in 1904. During 1970-71, 93 sea otters were released in Oregon. And as a relatively inexpensive sport, such social changes meant otter hunting had become a less appealing target for them. Addressing the issue in Cruel Sports, a member with the pseudonym Wansfell could not see how it was fair to hold the Workington roughs up to obloquy without doing the same to devotees of organised otter hunting. 69 Stephen Coleridge was the second son of Lord Chief Justice of England, John Duke Coleridge, and great nephew of Samuel Taylor Coleridge. 6 The Humanitarian League's reaction to this case was interesting. One of the main reasons Bates spoke out against otter hunting was that he felt that a small minority had reduced his chances of seeing the otter. Moreover, the intimacy of otter hunting meant that not only are they present at these infamous scenes, but, like the huntsmen, are worked up to the wildest pitch of excitement and moreover join in the final worry and the performance of the obsequies, when the spoils of the chase are distributed.Footnote In 1928, it showed a cheerful young woman glorying over being blooded at an otter-hunt (Figure 4).Footnote The principles of this League echoed those of its predecessor, that it was iniquitous to inflict suffering, either directly or indirectly, upon sentient animals for the purpose of sport.Footnote Ormond, Richard, Sir Edwin Landseer (London, 1981), pp. For Bell, the only difference between an otter and a cat was their legal status. Still, if I am ruled out of order I will resume my seat. Rather than defend its sentient or sporting qualities, he was much more concerned with its aesthetic role in the landscape. He was also a member of the National Society for the Abolition of Cruel Sports and an unwavering opponent of otter hunting. On rare occasions women were singled out for criticism during this period: Why the educated, rich, or the uneducated for the matter of that, have nothing better of more edifying to do with their time is beyond one's comprehension. 03 March 2016. The Guardian, 9th May 2010. The public profile of otter hunting was raised by the publication in 1927 of Henry Williamson's Tarka the Otter: His Joyful Water-life and Death in the Country of the Two Rivers. The Master of the Wye Valley Otter Hounds, on the other hand, styled himself as a utilitarian, hunting through the war not for sport, but in order to keep down the head of otters in the interests of the fisheries.Footnote H. E. Bates, Otters and Men (1938), p. 1. His argument in the Hunted Otter was driven by quotations from thirty published sources. In February 1918 the Representation of the People Act gave all women over the age of thirty the right to vote. The belief that any sentient being deserved protection from ill-treatment generated a comprehensive list of animal related activities marked for legislative change. By the twentieth century most otter hunters spoke of the remote and barbarous days of the spear,Footnote The Master of the Crowhurst Otter Hounds surveys a line of Country. . A selection of letters was then published under the title, Should Otters Be Hunted? The first letter, by Reverend Joseph Stratton, argued that men were judged in relation to their treatment of animals. Throughout the essay he applies the term to a number of situations to discredit the idea that animals are killed for public safety, natural history, protection of farmers or sporting exercise.Footnote are not infrequently killed, even in the summer months, and then, of course, the whole litter is destroyed. This desire had different implications for different sorts of people. In the same year Amos organised the Leeds Rodeo Protest Committee which successfully scotched several attempts to import and establish rodeo in England. In Alaska, 467 sea otters were translo-cated to several locations from 1965 to 1969. Their aim, to enforce the principle that it is iniquitous to inflict avoidable suffering on any sentient being, was tied to both the criminal law and prison system, and the prevention of cruelty to animals. Pring, Geoffrey, Records of the Culmstock Otterhounds, c. 17901957 (Exeter, 1958), p. 35 46. In advance of a major test in 1968, the U.S. Atomic Ene With this in mind Johnston seemed to overlook the behaviour of otter hunters and instead placed blame on anglers: Salmon is produced in such enormous abundance in North America and Norway, and is so very unlikely (owing to its habit of resorting to the sea) to become exterminated in British waters by the otter, that it would be a shame if this remarkable aquatic weasel. Hale, Matthew The League for the Prohibition of Cruel Sports also publicised isolated malpractices to strengthen their argument. When urchin populations spiked in response, the reefs held their ground. 57 By setting this against contemporary instances he insinuates the unchanging attitudes of otter hunters over the centuries. The sea otter population has rebounded to nearly three thousand individuals
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