The ancient civilization of Greece is a historical period that has long been a subject of fascination and intrigue. Built over 800 years ago from massive basalt rocks, this lost city is nestled in the dense jungle and mangroves. Genetic analysis suggested that KV 55 was the son of Amenhotep III and the father of Tutankhamen, providing more evidence that he was Akhenaten, according to a study published in 2010 in the journal JAMA. To that end, around ten ancient coinage specimens showcase the female pharaoh in a rather modest light. With Smith's indications of age firmly in place, it could well be that Smenkhkare probably ascended the throne at about the same age as his possible brother and eventual successor, Tutankhamun. All Rights Reserved. Thegoal of Ancient Origins is to highlight recent archaeological discoveries, peer-reviewed academic research and evidence, as well as offering alternative viewpoints and explanations of science, archaeology, mythology, religion and history around the globe. As for his reconstruction scope, after 67 years of long and undisputed reign, Ramesses II, who already outlived many of his wives and sons, breathed his last in circa 1213 BC, probably at the age of 90. Records suggest that Akhenaten ruled for 17 years, and fathered a daughter during the first year of his reign, thus calling the identification of the man buried in KV 55 into question. To that end, being the daughter of Ptolemy XII, she was the last (active) ruler of the Greek Ptolemaic dynasty that held its major domains in Egypt. Akhenaten changed the standard practices of art in . Corrections? For example, some of our Hollywood-inspired popular notions tend to project Cleopatra as the quintessential Egyptian queen of ancient times. Even beyond ancient accounts, there are extant pieces of evidence of Cleopatra portraiture to consider. Based on the renowned limestone Nefertiti Bust, Ludwig makes this point clear about the facial reconstruction (presented above) . Facial muscles, eyes, fat pads and skin are now modelled on this digital skull model using the so-called Manchester method. Photo by Mohamed Megahed. An example of data being processed may be a unique identifier stored in a cookie. House Altar depicting Akhenaten, Nefertiti and Three of their Daughters, limestone, New Kingdom, Amarna period, 18th dynasty, c.1350 BCE (gyptisches Museum/Neues Museum, Staatliche Museen zu Berlin) Cookie Settings, Forensic Anthropology, Paleopathology, Bioarchaeology Research Center, Neoclassicism Enthusiast via Wikimedia Commons under CC BY-SA 4.0, Five Places Where You Can Still Find Gold in the United States, Scientists Taught Pet Parrots to Video Call Each Otherand the Birds Loved It, The True Story of the Koh-i-Noor Diamondand Why the British Won't Give It Back. Much scholarly debate has centred on whether these features reflect the actual appearance of the kingextended by convention to his family and retainersand various theories have been argued about the presumed pathology of Amenhotep IV and what medical conditions might produce the anatomical traits shown. Researchers have reconstructed the face of an ancient Egyptian pharaoh who may have been King Tutankhamuns father, Akhenaten. For this reason, there have been continued attempts [to] consider KV 55 older than the actual anatomy indicates," he said. King Tutankhamenor King Tut as he is more commonly known todaywas relatively unknown to the world until 1922, when his tomb was discovered by Howard Carter. Examination of the mans teeth and bones, which were exposed when the mummy was discovered, suggests he was about 26 years old at the time of death. It is tempting to consider the KV55 mummy (Tutankhamun's father) alternatively as Smenkhare although this can be no more than conjecture on the basis of the available data. As Live Science reports, the mummys bones indicate that he was around 26 when he died, though he may have been as young as 19 to 22. about Boris Johnsons Mummified Ancestor Died from Pathogen, Not the STD Syphilis, From Pyramids to Temples: Discovering the 15 Most Ancient Buildings on Earth (Video), Lost City Revealed: The Mysteries of Nan Madol Uncovered (Video), Egyptian Authorities Push Back on Cleopatra Portrayal, 5 Pagan Traditions That Will Leave You Spellbound (Video), Submerged Secrets: Sunken Nabatean Temple Discovered Off Italian Coast, 1,200-Year-Old Viking Ship Burial Found in Supposedly Empty Mound, 10 Supernatural Powers from the Deities of World Mythology, 13th Century Magical Merlin Manuscript Shares Original Legend, Hidden in Plain Sight: The Pterodactyl of New Guinea, The Significance of the Sacred Seal of Solomon and its Symbols. The find was on par with the legendary By Jenefer Metcalfe / The Conversation Centuries after the first golden coffins were taken to Europe, ancient Egyptian mummies still vividly capture peoples imaginations. MH: It wasnt particularly difficult, to be honest, as the comprehensive study by the late anthropologist Eugen Strouhal demonstrated. Not so long ago, scientists presented their vision of Tutankhamun's appearance to the public. The cookie is used to store the user consent for the cookies in the category "Other. These ranged from depicting her as one of the central figures in the worship of Aten to even representing her as a warrior elite riding the chariot (as presented inside the tomb of Meryre) and smiting her enemies. Ramesses II was also known as Ozymandias in Greek sources, with the first part of the moniker derived from Ramesses regnal name, Usermaatre Setepenre, meaning The Maat of Ra is powerful, Chosen of Ra. Dr. Michael E. Habicht: Based on published data and images from various studies, a three-dimensional skull model of KV 55 was created. Articles from Britannica Encyclopedias for elementary and high school students. Tutankhamun (the living image of Amun), also known by his original name Tutankhaten (the living image of Aten) was a pharaoh of the Eighteenth Dynasty who only ruled for around a decade from circa 1332-1323 BC. According to a newly published media report, scientists at the FAPAB Research Center (Sicily, Italy), have spent the last few months creating a novel facial reconstruction of the mysterious mummy, now skeletonized, from tomb KV 55 in the Valley of the Kings (Cairo Inv. In essence, as a member of the Ptolemaic dynasty, Cleopatra was a descendant of Ptolemy I Soter, a Macedonian Greek general, companion (hetairoi), and bodyguard of Alexander the Great, who took control of Egypt (after Alexanders death), thereby founding the Ptolemaic Kingdom. According to Hawass . AM: With so much controversy surrounding the mummys identification, who do you think is the best candidate? Historical and archaeological research, including some artifacts in the tomb, suggest that mummy KV55 is Akhenaton (Akhenaten). Unleashing the Fury of the Khopesh: A Look at Egypts Deadliest Weapon (Video). Historical facial reconstructions provide us with a glimpse into the past in a manner that we can visually connect to our ancient predecessors. Akhenaten ascended to the throne as Amenhotep IV and took his new name, which means "the Servant of Aten" an Egyptian sun god early in his reign. We and our partners use data for Personalised ads and content, ad and content measurement, audience insights and product development. Today, Smenkhkare is more commonly thought to be not a real person, but a constructed identity for Queen Nefertiti, who may have assumed this name when she ascended to the throne after Akhenaten's death. Perhaps were awed by the A pre-Hispanic mummy of between 600 and 800 years old, was found inside the backpack of a delivery man from a delivery company in the Peruvian region of Puno, near Bolivia. from the University of Chicago in 1985 and served as the president of the American University of Beirut from 2005 to 2015. And please note that the following recreations are just educated hypotheses at the end of the day (like most historical reconstructions), with no definite evidence that establishes their complete accuracy when it comes to actual historicity. The 26-year-old Peruvian New research reveals Boris Johnsons mummified Swiss ancestor did not die of syphilis , as has long been believed, but of an unknown pathogen. To view the purposes they believe they have legitimate interest for, or to object to this data processing use the vendor list link below. French Egyptologist Marc Gabolde, specialist in the Eighteenth Dynasty and the Amarna period, argues that the mummy known as the "Younger Lady" discovered almost a century ago, is actually the famous and much sought after Queen Nefertiti. Interestingly enough, while his mummified remains were originally interred at the Valley of the Kings, they were later shifted to the mortuary complex at Deir el-Bahari (part of the Theban necropolis), so as to prevent the tomb from being looted by the ancient robbers. [1] It was modeled after the figure of Nefertiti, the queen of Akhenaten, who was the pharaoh at the time .At that time, the era of Akhenaten was a period of great turbulence in which the faith of Aten was introduced while denying the old religion . Known as KV 55, the remains were found in 1907 in the Valley of the Kings. However mummy KV55 belongs to a man who is believed to have died in his early 20s. To that end, this facial reconstruction was achieved by using computed tomography along with other techniques. Since Tutankhamun was only born in the 12th year of Akhenaten, it is still possible that Akhenaten was the real father, even if he was very young. Cleopatra the very name brings forth reveries of beauty, sensuality, and extravagance, all set amidst the political furor of the ancient world. The scenes, reconstructed from thousands of individual talatat blocks, portray the royal couple and their eldest daughter, Meritaton, engaged primarily in making offerings to the Aton, although scenes of offering-bearers, cattle designated for slaughter, foreigners in obeisance, and detailed depictions of the royal palace are also abundant. The facial reconstruction sculpture of the 3,400-year-old mummy of King Tut's biological mother, nicknamed the "Younger Lady," as seen on Travel Channel's 'Expedition Unknown.' Image credit: Travel Channel It required an objective evaluation using all available skeletal districts and a consultation of the recent anthropological literature. Her writing has also appeared in Scientific American, The Washington Post and How It Works Magazine. On the other hand, the identity of Cleopatras grandmother and mother is still unknown to historians. She was known for her intelligence, beauty, and powerful political acumen. Early in his reign, Akhenaten identified himself with the sun god Aton and elevated the cult of Aton above the worship of most other gods, including Amon, the king of the gods. Whether such statues were intended to represent the male and female element combined in the person of the divine king or whether they are simply statues of Nefertiti has not been satisfactorily settled. The bust of Nefertiti was made in 1345 BC by an artist named 'Thutmose'. Statue of Akhenaton in the Louvre. He was around 26 years old when he died and possibly only 19 to 22 years old, whereas records suggest Akhenaten ruled for 17 years and fathered a daughter during the first year of his reign, Galassi said. Archaeologists then suggested that the bones belonged to Smenkhkare, Akhenatens enigmatic younger brother. Thetford Priory, Lost Resting Place of Henry VIIIs Illegitimate Son, Homo Naledi: A Mysterious Extinct Human Species (Video), The Truth Behind the Christ Myth: Ancient Origins of the Often Used Legend Part I, The Incredible Odyssey of Mankind: Ape to Human in a Million Years (Video). document.getElementById("ak_js_1").setAttribute("value",(new Date()).getTime()); Home Blog Posts Culture Facial Reconstruction of 6 Ancient Egyptians You Should Know About. At or shortly after the time of his accession, Amenhotep IV seems to have married the chief queen of his reign, Nefertiti. While still a young girl, and possibly already . Could mummy KV55 really be the heretic pharaoh Akhenaten, as many scholars believe? Some scholars argue that mummy KV55s age of death demonstrate that this is actually an enigmatic Late Amarna period person named Smenkhkare. Trying to learn more, Egyptian scientists recently sequenced his DNA . Born in circa 1303 BC (or 1302 BC), as the royal member of the Nineteenth Dynasty, he ascended the throne in 1279 BC and reigned for 67 years. The main problem was the a priori identification with Akhenaton plus the assumed age at death of the heretic pharaoh (about 30 years old or older). The cookie is set by the GDPR Cookie Consent plugin and is used to store whether or not user has consented to the use of cookies. Plague, one of the deadliest diseases in human history, has a haunting legacy of mass sickness and destruction. Ive seen artists try to bring out the living likeness of Queen Nefertiti many times, and some of the most famous attempts, though good in and of themselves, always seem to adjust her facial features to match certain contemporary standards of beauty in some way, which really isnt necessary because the original bust of Nefertiti is already so beautiful and lifelike. One series of reliefs shows Amenhotep IV at the celebration of his jubilee, a ceremony normally observed by kings of the New Kingdom (c. 15391075 bce) only beginning in their 30th regnal year. In any case, the team made a CT scan and found that the skull was in genuinely well-preserved condition, thus initiating the first steps towards a reconstruction process. Out of these, the cookies that are categorized as necessary are stored on your browser as they are essential for the working of basic functionalities of the website. A relief of a royal couple in the Amarna style; figures have variously been attributed as Akhenaten and Nefertiti, Smenkhkare and Meritaten, or Tutankhamen and Ankhesenamun. To that end, the specimen showcased significant levels of tooth decay, which could have been the effect of sugar, an item introduced to Egypt after its conquest by Alexander thus placing Meritamun within the Greco-Roman time frame. The facial reconstruction of mummy KV55. Nebiri was an ancient Egyptian dignitary who lived during the time of the 18th dynasty, corresponding to the reign of Pharaoh Thutmose III (14791425 BC). Facial reconstruction of mummy kv55, allegedly the heretic Pharaoh Akhenaten, father of Tutankhamun, and first ruler to try and instate a monotheistic religion in the world. We and our partners use cookies to Store and/or access information on a device. Akhenatens exclusive worship of the sun god Aton led early Egyptologists to claim that he created the worlds first monotheistic religion. Steps in the facial reconstruction process. AM: If this is Akhenaton, why does he look so different from the ancient representations of the heretic pharaoh? Could it be due to the style of art that was used by artists in the Amarna period? ", Uncovering a new Easter Island statue, the first equestrians, a sphinxs familiar smile, 14,000-year-old mastodon spearpoints, and an early Chinese toilet, (c) Still stuck on stupid,I see hee hee MJ. Later research, however, identified the skeleton as a male, according to the American Research Center in Egypt. This is the original and the modern . He then began dismantling the priesthood that served Egypt's pantheon of deities, in order to establish a monotheistic worship of Aten, according to The Ohio State University's Department of History. Ludwig has taken a shot at recreating the facial features of the famed Queen Nefertiti with the aid of photoshop (presented above). . Controversially enough, in 2014, King Tut once again went through what can be termed as a virtual autopsy, with a bevy of CT scans, genetic analysis, and over 2,000 digital scans. Flat earth theorist, science denier. Taking this into consideration, let us take a gander at six facial reconstructions of ancient Egyptians, from the period between circa 15th century BC to the 1st century BC. The Ramesses II mummy looks like an 18th dyn. Save my name, email, and website in this browser for the next time I comment. Heres how it works. It should be noted, nonetheless, that the historical evidence on the duration of Akhenatens reign and life is highly fragmentary, and several, often conflicting, theories exist. This facial reconstruction brings back to life, in a metaphorical way, one of the most controversial and important mummies in the history of the world, potentially attributable to Akhenaten himself, although further confirmation of this identification could be wanted. After this initial media report on this facial reconstruction, the team will finalize the publication of a full-length anthropological study to be submitted to a respected peer-reviewed international journal for consideration. A reconstruction (above) shows a young man, only 32 years old, with a gentle, approachable face. In 1787, at 68 years old, a woman called Anna Catharina Beltane is an ancient Gaelic festival celebrating the beginning of summer and the renewal of life. The reconstruction, which took months to design, was created by scientists at the Forensic Anthropology, Paleopathology, Bioarchaeology Research Center (FAPAB) in Sicily. Let us know if you have suggestions to improve this article (requires login). It's a far cry from the child-murdering villain portrayed by Shakespeare and other writers. Were theonlyPop Archaeology site combining scientific research with out-of-the-box perspectives. The heretic pharaoh Akhenaten. I took the chance of leaving the busts features entirely as they are, only replacing the paint and plaster with flesh and bone. Visit our corporate site (opens in new tab). Privacy Statement This tomb is just a few meters from Tutankhamuns tomb. This was then checked again against the images. The introduction of a new cult was accompanied by innovations in the portrayal of the human form in both relief and sculpture. Historical records testify 17 years of reign by Akhenaton. New 3-D reconstruction visualizes what KV55, a mummy long thought to be the ancient Egyptian ruler, may have looked like. This cookie is set by GDPR Cookie Consent plugin. Our open community is dedicated to digging into the origins of our species on planet earth, and question wherever the discoveries might take us. However, analysis of the teeth and bones revealed that the man was younger than expected. As Greek mythology goes, the universe was once a big soup of nothingness. New York, Now since we are talking about history, some of the masculine-looking depictions were possibly part of political machinations that intentionally equated Cleopatras power to her male Ptolemaic ancestors, thus legitimizing her rule. Still stuck on stoopid. Mummy KV55s skull with data points used in the facial reconstruction. The discovery of the mummy weakens the possibility of the mummy belonging to Akhenaten since he is said to have died in his mid-30s (Rose 2002, p. 26). The researchers were befuddled when they found out that they had full access to a mummified head in the university facilitys basement, possibly a legacy left behind by Professor Frederic Wood Jones (1879-1954), who undertook archaeological projects in Egypt. As for her reconstruction, one particular sculpture, thought to be of Cleopatra VII, is currently displayed at the Altes Museum in Berlin. AtAncient Origins, we believe that one of the most important fields of knowledge we can pursue as human beings is our beginnings. (FAPAB Research Center). They write new content and verify and edit content received from contributors. An Inspirational Courtesans Tale, Was Anne of Cleves Too Ugly for King Henry VIII? Mindy Weisberger is a Live Science editor for the channels Animals and Planet Earth. Akhenaten, father of Tutankhamun and husband of Nefertiti, ruled Egypt between roughly 1353 and 1336 B.C. It will be published in a peer-reviewed international journal. Miller's research, first conducted through her junior-year seminar, is applying new theories to the legacy of Akhenaten, who ruled Egypt from about 1353 to 1336 B.C. The researchers then went on to determine the gender of the mummy (head) by analyzing the bone structure of the specimen. Along the side of Yanmen Shan mountain, located twenty kilometers to the east of Nanjing, China, the legendary Yangshan quarry can be found. While every effort has been made to follow citation style rules, there may be some discrepancies. for the reconstruction of the face of a Greek skull attributed to Sophocles since the 19th century and another one, identified with the 18th dynasty princess Baqt. Francesco Galassi of Sicilys Forensic Anthropology, Paleopathology, Bioarchaeology Research Center, and 3-D forensic artist Cicero Moraes, used the Manchester method to add facial muscles and ligaments to the model skull according to the rules of anatomy, Galassi explained. These cookies ensure basic functionalities and security features of the website, anonymously. Why Did So Many Ancient Egyptian Children Suffer Anemia? FAPAB Director Francesco M. Galassi, a physician and palaeopathologist, and Egyptological studies coordinator Michael E. Habicht oversaw the creation of the new facial reconstruction of the KV55 mummy, which was completed by the well-known Brazilian expert Cicero Moraes , who has been recognized for his skilled facial reconstructions. We've all heard stories of the miraculous tomb of King Tutankhamun, son of the rebel king Akhenaten who believed in monotheism. Facial muscles and ligaments were modeled digitally on KV 55's skull. The cookie is set by GDPR cookie consent to record the user consent for the cookies in the category "Functional". However, in terms of history, it is a well-known fact that Cleopatra or Cleopatra VII Philopator (Romanized: Kleoptr Philoptr), born in 69 BC, was of (mostly) Greek ethnicity. Then, two things happened: either Chaos or Gaia created the universe as we know it, or Ouranos and Tethys gave birth to the first beings. One temple at Karnak shows only Nefertiti as the primary officiant before the Aton, sometimes accompanied by Meritatonan unprecedented privilege for a mere queen. The only preserved architecture from Karnak indicates that these courts were flanked by roofed porticos with colossal statues of the king placed against the pillars. Cleopatra, the last pharaoh of Egypt, is one of the most iconic figures in history. Traveling throughout Bolivia, Peru, Colombia, and Ecuador, Alicia Read More. Akhenaten saw himself as Atons earthly manifestation. There is a very strong probability of a second line of descent from . Scientists used a reconstruction process called the Manchester method to bring KV 55's face into the present "from the shadows of history," said Francesco Galassi, director and co-founder of the FAPAB Research Center, an associate professor of archaeology at Flinders University in Australia, and an adjunct professor of forensic anthropology at the Magna Graecia University of Catanzaro in Calabria, Italy. The cookie is used to store the user consent for the cookies in the category "Performance". Historical evidence, which is fragmented and conflicting, suggests that Akhenaten died when he was about 40 years old. 38 Akhenaten Mummy Photos and Premium High Res Pictures - Getty Images CREATIVE EDITORIAL VIDEO 38 Akhenaten Mummy Premium High Res Photos Browse 38 akhenaten mummy stock photos and images available, or start a new search to explore more stock photos and images. It does not store any personal data. Image gallery: The faces of Egyptian mummies revealed, In photos: The life and death of King Tut, Photos: The reconstruction of teen who lived 9,000 years ago. Although it is unclear whether Akhenatens son, Tutankhaten, was also Nefertitis, the young prince became the famous pharaoh Tutankhamun. Ever since mummy KV55 was discovered in 1907, it has generated deep interest, debate, and controversy. Akhenaten married the noblewoman Nefertiti about the time he became pharaoh, in 1353 BCE. Please refer to the appropriate style manual or other sources if you have any questions. However, modern scholarship notes that Akhenatens cult drew from aspects of other godsparticularly re-Harakhte, Shu, and Maatin its imagining and worship of Aton. Side view of the facial reconstruction of Mummy KV55. Today, only the bones remain. The result is absolutely stunning. A facial reconstruction for Amenhotep III looks like Amenhotep III ! "Some archaeologists tend to assume that he began his reign as a young adult rather than as a child. The earliest monuments of Amenhotep IV depict the traditional worship of deities executed according to the artistic style of the preceding reignwith the exception of a prominent role accorded to the falcon-headed god Re-Harakhte, who is given an unusual epithet containing the phrase who rejoices in his horizon, in his aspect of the light which is in the suns disk.. AM: How does this facial reconstruction balance forensic art with anatomical and anthropological information? Manage Settings Slightly raised, flat and smooth, these harmless bumps of various colors are hyperplastic epidermal lesions produced by papilloma viruses (HPV). It would hardly be arguable that Akhenaten could be the real father of the eldest daughters (Meritaton, Maketaton and possibly also Anchesenamun). Share some things about the Akhenaten name. These cookies help provide information on metrics the number of visitors, bounce rate, traffic source, etc. The mummies came from Abusir el-Meleq, an ancient Egyptian city on a floodplain to the. Credit: Bas Uterwijk "Nefertiti" is translated as "The Beautiful One Has Come" but the word "nefer" means more than just beauty. | The newly renpvated Amarna room at the egyptian museum in Cairo. Have you ever wondered what it would be like to live in ancient Greece? Akhenatens artistic legacy, however, survived to influence the work of future craftsmen. Early reign MH: Egyptian art is generally not very realistic, but reflects a desired ideal image, especially in the case of the king. Although Akhenatens reign saw sweeping religious reforms and particular artistic developments, his legacy crumbled under later pharaohs. Facial features were characterized by angular, slitted eyes, fleshy lips, nasolabial wrinkles, and holes for ear plugs, while the princesses are often each depicted with an inflated, egg-shaped cranium. During this process, "facial muscles and ligaments are modeled on the skull model according to the rules of anatomy," Galassi told Live Science in an email. Akhenaten, also spelled Akhenaton, Akhnaton, or Ikhnaton, also called Amenhotep IV, Greek Amenophis, king (1353-36 bce) of ancient Egypt of the 18th dynasty, who established a new cult dedicated to the Aton, the sun's disk (hence his assumed name, Akhenaten, meaning "beneficial to Aton"). The Aton temples at Karnak therefore consisted of a series of vast open-air courts in which there was virtually no interior space at all. While building the reconstruction, the researchers referred to "a massive amount of data" for KV 55, including notes from prior physical examinations of the skull, detailed measurements, scaled photographs and X-rays of the skeleton, Galassi said. NY 10036. Therefore, we think that our reconstruction is as objective as possible and follows purely scientific methods. Based on the available evidence it would be unrealistic to opt for a much lighter or much darker skin tone. Her work has also appeared in Artsy, the Columbia Journal, and elsewhere. Tiye (c. 1398 BC - 1338 BC, also spelled Tye, Taia, Tiy and Tiyi) was the Great Royal Wife of the Egyptian pharaoh Amenhotep III, mother of pharaoh Akhenaten and grandmother of pharaoh Tutankhamun; her parents were Yuya and Thuya.In 2010, DNA analysis confirmed her as the mummy known as "The Elder Lady" found in the tomb of Amenhotep II in 1898. August 17, 2019. This has represented the main problem, but by objectively assessing the skeleton and published literature it appears clear that it belongs to a younger individual between the end of adolescence and early adulthood, 19-22 years). In the Amarna period, a grotesque, almost comic-like sense of art was introduced. (FAPAB Research Center). When archaeologists excavated KV 55 in 1907, the mummy crumbled into dust. She also reports on general science, covering climate change, paleontology, biology, and space. The mummies of these daughters have not yet been identified, so Amenhotep III could also be the father (contrary to inscriptional propaganda). Advertisement cookies are used to provide visitors with relevant ads and marketing campaigns. Terms of Use Per the statement, a number of artifacts found in KV55s tomb point to his identity as Akhenaten: for instance, bricks inscribed with the pharaohs name, as well as a sarcophagus and canopic jars associated with Kiya, Akhenatens concubine.
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